ANNOUNCER: MAJOR FUNDING FOR "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" IS PROVIDED BY... [WIND BLOWING] [CAT MEOWS] [THUNDER] [HORN HONKING] WHEN THE UNEXPECTED HAPPENS, STATE FARM HAS THE TOOLS TO GET YOU TO A BETTER STATE.

PROUD SPONSOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

[TRAFFIC SOUNDS] [THEME MUSIC PLAYING] HEY, WELCOME BACK TO "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

I'M ROY UNDERHILL.

I AM SO GLAD YOU COULD BE WITH ME AGAIN TODAY BECAUSE, LIKE EVERY OTHER WOODWORKER, I'M ALWAYS OUT LOOKING FOR WOOD TO WORK WITH, AND AFTER THERE'S BEEN HIGH WATER OR A FLOOD, I'LL COME DOWN HERE BELOW THE DAM AND SEE WHAT HAS BEEN WASHED TO ME BY NATURE FOR MY PERUSAL AND APPROVAL.

NOW USUALLY IT'S THINGS LIKE THIS-- AN OLD ROTTEN, FUNKY SWEETGUM FLOATED OUT OF THE FOREST AND LEFT HERE ON THE ISLAND.

AND THAT'S GONNA CONTINUE SEQUESTERING CARBON.

IT'S DOING A GOOD JOB.

HERE'S AN AILANTHUS LOG, AND I DON'T KNOW WHAT I WOULD DO WITH THAT.

SO USUALLY IT'S JUST INTERESTING THINGS, BUT SOMETIMES IT'S A TREASURE, AND THIS...THIS IS ACTUALLY ONE THAT DIDN'T FLOAT UP.

THIS IS ONE I FOUND, DISCOVERED WHEN I WAS DOWN HERE LOOKING.

A WINDSTORM HAD BROKEN THE TOP OUT OF THIS WONDERFUL ASH TREE AND KILLED THE TOP.

IT WAS SPROUTING OUT THE SIDES.

IT WAS NOT LONG FOR THIS WORLD.

AND WE'RE FORTUNATE.

WE HAVE NOT YET BEEN HIT BY THE BUGS THAT ARE KILLING ALL THE ASH TREES AROUND HERE.

BUT THIS IS A GREAT ONE.

NOW, THE NICE THING WITH ASH IS IT'S GOT VERY STRAIGHT GRAIN.

I'M GOING TO SPLIT IT, AND I CAN SPLIT IT IN SMALL-ENOUGH PIECES THAT I CAN CARRY IT OUT OF HERE ON MY SHOULDER.

SO YOU CAN FIND WOOD DOWN IN THE BOTTOMLANDS THAT YOU CAN'T SPLIT.

AN EASTERN RED CEDAR, A BIG, NICE ONE-- THAT'S TOUGH TO SPLIT.

BUT ASH, WALNUT, OAK, THINGS LIKE THAT, THEY SPLIT REAL WELL.

SO LET'S SEE WHAT WE CAN DO HERE.

NOW, I'VE GOT A DANGEROUS THING-- A WEDGE I'M GONNA HIT WITH A STEEL WEDGE.

NOW YOU CAN SEE, THIS HAS ALREADY STARTED TO SPLINTER HERE.

SO I'M GONNA BE CAREFUL JUST TO START IT LIKE THAT, AND USUALLY WE TRY-- AND I SEE SOMETHING ELSE HAPPENING.

THAT DIDN'T RUN QUITE STRAIGHT, BUT I'LL SEE.

ALL RIGHT.

IT'LL WORK.

THERE WE GO.

WE'D TAKE IT TO THE SMITH AND HAVE HIM TEMPER THAT.

IT'S DUE FOR ONE AGAIN.

BECAUSE THAT WORK-HARDENING ON THE STEEL MAKES IT MORE AND MORE BRITTLE.

SO VERY QUICKLY AS I CAN, I'LL START USING WOODEN WEDGES AND DRIVE THEM IN.

SO THIS IS A...A WHITE-OAK GLUT, A WOODEN GLUT WE CALL IT.

AND I CAN THEN LEAPFROG DOWN WITH THE NEXT WEDGE.

THERE WE GO.

AND THAT FREES UP THE FIRST ONE.

AND...BY EXPLOITING THIS PLANE OF WEAKNESS IN THE WOOD, NOT ONLY ABLE TO BRING IT DOWN TO SIZE, BUT I CAN CARRY IT OUT, BUT I AM ALSO ASSURED THAT I AM CAPTURING THE STRENGTH OF THE WOOD IN THE PIECE, BECAUSE THIS SPLIT-- LOOK AT THAT.

THAT RAN ALL THE WAY DOWN.

THE SPLIT WILL RUN ONLY...AH...

IN THE CAPTURE OF THE GRAIN.

LET ME DRIVE THIS A LITTLE BIT MORE HERE.

THAT GLUT IS INTERESTING.

THIS IS A, UH... IRONWOOD GLUT, AND IT WORKS.

IT'S VERY, VERY STRONG, BUT BUGS WILL EAT IT.

SO THERE WE GO.

ALL RIGHT.

THERE'S A NICE PIECE OF TIMBER.

HA HA!

I CAN TAKE THIS BACK NOW.

SEE, THAT'S LIGHT ENOUGH I CAN CARRY IT.

IT'S GOT THE STRENGTH AND THE CHARACTER OF THE WOOD IN IT.

SO THAT CAN GO UP ON MY SHOULDER AND BACK TO THE SHOP.

HA HA HA!

I HAVE A WIDE LOAD HERE.

I'VE GOT TO GET AROUND THE STEAMER.

WE'RE GONNA BE PUTTING THAT IN THE STEAMER HERE.

AH!

AND I'LL GET IT IN HERE.

I'VE ALREADY GOT SOME ALL SPLIT UP, AND IT'S FUNNY-- I SAID "THE CHARACTER AND THE STRENGTH OF THIS," UH...WE'RE BRINGING THAT IN, WE'RE CAPTURING IT BY SPLITTING THE WOOD, WHICH I'M GONNA DO IN JUST A SECOND HERE.

UH...THAT MAY BE NOT IN OUR FAVOR, AS WE SHALL SEE.

BUT ANYWAY, LET'S LOOK AT WHAT WE'RE GONNA MAKE.

THIS IS WHAT WE SHALL BE DOING.

THIS IS A WONDERFUL LITTLE ROCKING CRADLE HERE.

I SAW THIS IN ISTANBUL, OR WAS IT IN CONSTANTINOPLE?

I DON'T KNOW, BUT ANYWAY, IT'S A WONDERFUL LITTLE ROCKING CRADLE, BASSINET.

VERY LIGHT.

I MEAN, ONE-FINGER LIGHT UNTIL YOU PUT THE BABIES IN IT.

AND I WONDER AND SAY, "WHERE HAVE I SEEN SOMETHING LIKE THIS BEFORE?

WELL, IF YOU'LL LOOK AT THIS LITTLE...BENTWOOD LINE HOLDER HERE FOR THE STRING, IT'S THE SAME PATTERN THERE.

SO THIS IS THE SAME BENTWOOD PATTERN THAT YOU SEE HOLDING THE HOOPS OF A CONESTOGA WAGON.

THIS JUST CAME FROM ANATOLIA, BUT IT'S AN OLD DESIGN.

ISN'T IT GREAT?

YOU CAN EVEN PUT A LITTLE MOSQUITO NET OVER THE TOP.

SO IT'S A GREAT LITTLE CRADLE.

BUT REMEMBER, I MADE IT OUT OF ASH OF A TREE WHOSE TOP-- I MEAN, THE BOW BROKE.

WHEN THE BOW BREAKS, THE CRADLE WILL FALL.

WELL, WE'VE GOT TO STEAM-BEND THIS...THESE HOOPS, AND WE'RE GONNA USE A FRAME LIKE THIS HERE.

ALL RIGHT.

BUT YOU SEE WHAT HAPPENED WITH THIS ONE?

NOW, THIS ONE HAPPENED AFTER IT HAD DRIED OUT.

IT SNAPPED.

SO I MAY HAVE A TREE THAT WAS BRASH.

I MAY HAVE BRASH ASH.

WE'LL SEE.

HOWEVER, I'M GONNA STEAM IT, THOUGH, FOR ABOUT 20 MINUTES APIECE.

SO WE'RE GONNA MAKE A PIECE LIKE THIS, BUT FIRST I'M GONNA PUT THE PIECE IN.

SO YOU CAN SEE HOW THIS IS PRETTY FLEXIBLE ALREADY.

BUT WE'RE GONNA PUT IT INTO THE STEAM BOX HERE, AND IT WILL BE EXPOSED-- WHOA.

BE VERY CAREFUL WITH THESE THINGS.

IT'LL BE EXPOSED TO STEAM, TO 212 DEGREES OR SO, AND...FOR ABOUT 15 MINUTES.

SO I'VE GOT THIS.

I'VE GOT JUST A LITTLE TEAKETTLE BACK THERE ON THE BACK OF THE STOVE.

SO THAT'S GONNA HEAT THIS UP, KEEP THAT REAL HOT IN THERE.

AND THE HEAT WILL TRANSFER IN.

NOW, I'VE ALREADY SAWN A PIECE OF THIS WOOD TO LENGTH.

AND I STARTED SPLITTING.

AND...WELL, LET ME GO AHEAD AND DO IT.

I'M GONNA DO THE REST OF THE WAY NOW WITH A DIFFERENT KIND OF WEDGE.

THIS IS A FROE, OF COURSE.

AND I HAVE SAWN THE BIG 8-FOOT LENGTH IN HALF.

AND NOW...OOP.

SEE IF I CAN GET IT.

SEE, THE THING IS, I'M AIMING CAREFULLY BECAUSE I'VE GOT TO GET IT RIGHT DOWN THE MIDDLE.

IF YOU HAVE AN UNEVEN SPLIT-- IN OTHER WORDS, ONE PIECE BENDS MORE THAN THE OTHER, ONE SIDE BENDS MORE THAN THE OTHER, THE SPLIT WILL RUN OUT TO THE THIN SIDE.

SO WE'RE GONNA SEE IF I'VE GOT THAT.

IF I HAVE THAT DEAD DOWN THE MIDDLE-- AND YOU CAN SEE IT LOOKS LIKE I'VE GOT A LITTLE MORE THICKNESS OVER HERE.

SO THAT MEANS IT WOULD RUN TO THE THIN SIDE, AND AT LEAST I'D HAVE ONE GOOD PIECE, BUT IDEALLY, I'D LIKE TO GET TWO.

SO THE FROE STARTS AS A WEDGE, AND IT WORKS AS A LEVER WHEN YOU PULL BACK ON IT.

AND I RUN THE SPLIT RIGHT ON DOWN.

OOP.

SORRY, BABY.

UH...WE'LL DO IT AGAIN.

AND I'M LOOKING--ALL RIGHT.

NOW, THAT DID RUN THIN.

SEE?

SO THAT'S NOT GOOD.

WE'LL USE THAT FOR SOMETHING ELSE.

HERE.

AND THIS PIECE, AGAIN, IT HAS THE WIDTH IN IT HERE.

I'LL JUST SHOW YOU.

NOW I'M GONNA SPLIT PARALLEL TO THE GROWTH RINGS, AGAIN TRYING TO GET THAT DOWN.

NOW THIS WOOD HERE I'M WORKING WITH, ACTUALLY THIS MALLET, THIS IS ELM.

THIS IS ANOTHER WONDERFUL STEAM-BENDING WOOD.

IT WOULD BE BETTER THAN THIS... ACTUALLY BETTER THAN THIS ASH.

THE PROBLEM WITH ELM IS IT WILL NOT SPLIT.

SO ROUGHING IT IN IS A WHOLE 'NOTHER MATTER.

YOU HAVE TO SAW ELM IN ORDER TO GET IT DOWN TO SIZE.

SO THERE WE GO.

ALL RIGHT.

SO THERE'S A NICE BILLET.

AND THE STRENGTH, SUCH AS IT IS, IS CAPTURED IN THIS PIECE.

THERE IS, HOWEVER, NOT A GREAT DEAL OF STRENGTH IN EVEN THIS WOOD.

NOW HERE'S ONE I DID THAT'S CUT A LITTLE BIT BETTER TO LENGTH.

LET'S GO AHEAD AND WORK WITH THIS GUY HERE.

THIS IS, AGAIN, ASH.

YOU CAN SEE THE BARK ORIENTATION ON ONE FACE.

I'LL KEEP TRACK OF THAT.

UH...THE FACT THAT THIS IS VERY LIGHTWEIGHT WOOD IS AN INDICATION IT MIGHT BE BRASH.

IN ADDITION, THAT THE TOP OF THE TREE BROKE OUT IN A WINDSTORM.

SO WORK WITH THE DRAWKNIFE THERE.

YOU CAN SEE, JUST TAKING RIGHT DOWN THE BARK.

AND I'LL STOP WHEN I GET TO THAT FIRST GROWTH RING BUT LEAVE A LITTLE BIT OF BARK ON THERE SO I CAN KEEP A QUICK REFERENCE.

YOU CAN LOOK AT THE CURVE OF THE RINGS HERE.

SO HOLDING IT IN THE SHAVING HORSE.

AND JUST...HERE YOU GO.

OH, GOSH.

I HOPE I'M NOT BARKING UP THE WRONG TREE.

AAH!

I MIGHT BE.

I MIGHT BE, BECAUSE AGAIN I SAY THIS ASH WAS VERY, UH... PRONE TO SNAPPING AND SHORT-GRAINED.

WHEN IT SNAPS RIGHT IN HALF LIKE, YOU KNOW, LIKE SNAPPING A PENCIL, WITHOUT LONG SPLINTERS, THAT IS AN INDICATION OF BRASHNESS.

THERE'S NOT REALLY MUCH INDICATION OF WHY THAT WOULD BE IN THIS PIECE.

ALL RIGHT.

SO I'VE GOT IT NOW PRETTY STRAIGHT.

YOU CAN SEE THERE'S TWO EDGES HERE THAT ARE RELATIVE RIGHT ANGLES, PRETTY STRAIGHT.

SO NOW I'M GONNA RUN A LINE DOWN IT HERE USING A PENCIL DIVIDER.

SO I'VE GOT A DIVIDER HERE WITH A... A PENCIL INSTEAD OF A SCRATCHER.

RUN IT ON DOWN HERE JUST ON THAT SIDE.

AND LET'S SEE.

I GUESS I CAN RUN IT DOWN THIS SIDE HERE.

ALL RIGHT.

ALL RIGHT.

HA HA HA.

THAT'LL BE GONE REAL FAST BECAUSE I'M ACTUALLY GONNA DO THIS SIDE HERE.

SO I'VE GOT THIS ABOUT AN INCH AND AN EIGHTH, INCH AND A QUARTER OR SO AT THIS STAGE THERE.

SO I'VE GOT TO COME ALL THE WAY DOWN TO THAT PENCIL LINE RIGHT THERE MADE BY THE PENCIL GAUGE.

BUT SHORT WORK WITH THE DRAWKNIFE AND SHAVING HORSE.

A FOOT-OPERATED VISE HOLDS THE WOOD WHILE YOU WORK IT.

WHEN YOU GET TALKING TO SOMEBODY DOING THIS, YOU MAKE A CHAIR BY MISTAKE.

IT'S A VERY, VERY QUICK WAY TO WORK WOOD.

SO THERE WE GO.

WE'RE DOWN TO THE LINE RIGHT THERE.

PULL THIS OUT.

AND...COMING DOWN.

I'M LOOKING FOR MY PENCIL LINE ON THE SIDE.

AND I DO ONE SIDE, DO THE OTHER SIDE, AND THEN DOWN THE MIDDLE.

AND KIND OF LENGTHENING THE WHEELBASE, IF YOU MAY, BY PULLING IT WITH A DIAGONAL.

NOT SQUARE ACROSS, BUT SLIGHTLY DIAGONAL, ASKEW TO THE GRAIN-- TO THE STROKE, RATHER.

ALL RIGHT.

SO AGAIN, THERE'S MY LINE.

I'LL TAKE A DEEP SPLITTING CUT LIKE THAT.

AND THEN COME DOWN RIGHT HERE.

YEAH.

ALL RIGHT.

SO I'M GONNA BEND THIS ACTUALLY PARALLEL WITH THE GROWTH RINGS.

NOW, IT JUST DOESN'T SEEM TO MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE IN THIS WOOD WHETHER I GO WITH IT, ACROSS IT, DIAGONAL.

BUT GENERALLY IT SHOULD WORK WELL TO SLIP THE GRAIN DOWN THE RINGS.

ALL RIGHT.

AND IT'S VERY GREEN.

I MEAN, IT'S FULL OF WATER RIGHT NOW.

BUT NOT AS GREEN AS YOU WOULD THINK.

IT SHOULD BE ACTUALLY A LITTLE GREENER, A LITTLE MORE MOISTURE IN IT THAN WHAT I'M THINKING.

SO THIS DRYNESS.

ONE OF THE THINGS IS THE TOP DID SNAP OUT, AND SO THE TREE WAS DYING, AND THAT DOESN'T HELP IT TO STAY MOIST INSIDE.

OOP.

AND THE OTHER SIDE'S ALREADY GOT ITS LINE ON IT.

SO IT GOES BACK IN THE...RIGHT THERE.

SO GETTING CLOSE.

ALL RIGHT.

THEN WE'LL CHANGE TECHNIQUES FOR A SECOND AND... MAKE A LITTLE STOPPING CUT, AS YOU'LL SEE, BECAUSE THIS IS HOW THICK THE ENDS ARE.

THE MIDDLE IS, OF COURSE, MUCH THINNER, AND THAT'S THE PART THAT TAKES THE BEND.

THERE WE ARE.

SO, THINKING ABOUT WOODS THAT BEND REAL WELL, HICKORY, OAK.

RED AND WHITE OAK BEND REAL WELL.

UH, MAPLE'S ABOUT ON PAR WITH THE ASH.

THE BEST OF ALL BENDING WOODS, ODDLY ENOUGH, IS ONE THAT DOESN'T GET-- IT GETS NO RESPECT.

HACKBERRY.

HACKBERRY.

IF YOU HAVE A HACKBERRY TREE-- AND THEY'RE PRETTY...

THEY'RE OUT THERE.

THEY JUST NEVER... OR A COMMERCIAL--OOP.

SO THE GRAIN STARTED TO DIVE IN.

WELL, IT DOESN'T MATTER, BECAUSE I'M GONNA TAKE ALL THAT MIDDLE PART OUT ANYWAY.

ALL RIGHT.

SO WE'RE DONE HERE.

HACKBERRY--REALLY GREAT BENDING WOOD.

SO IF YOU SEE HACKBERRY, THAT WOULD BE PERFECT FOR THIS.

NOW, YOU CAN IMAGINE.

YOU'RE MAKING A BABY CRADLE.

THIS HAD BETTER BE STRONG.

ALL RIGHT.

SO NOW WE'RE GONNA TAKE THIS AND DO A LITTLE WORK WITH A CHISEL.

I DON'T SEE MY CHISEL RIGHT NOW, BUT ANYWAY, I WANT TO SET UP THE WIDTH RIGHT HERE.

SO I'M TAKING THE PENCIL GAUGE AND SETTING IT TO THE THICKNESS THAT I'M GOING TO NEED.

MAKE SURE I'VE GOT THE BARK ORIENTED PROPERLY.

AND HERE.

I'LL RUN THAT WIDTH DOWN.

ALL RIGHT.

AND THEN THE OTHER SIDE.

SO I'M GONNA COME DOWN TO THAT LINE.

NOW, I CAN DO IT WITH THE, UH... LET'S SEE.

I'VE GOT TO RUN A LINE ACROSS HERE NOW, MY CUT LINE.

NOW, I CAN DO IT ALL WITH A DRAWKNIFE, BUT I'M GONNA DO JUST FOR...HA HA HA.

WE'VE HAD PLENTY OF DRAWKNIFING.

I'VE GOT TO DO A START HERE NOW WITH THE... ALL RIGHT.

SO I KNOW THOSE TWO POINTS.

I'M GONNA WORK IN BETWEEN THESE TWO POINTS HERE.

I'M GOING TO CUT WITH A CHISEL ACROSS-- THERE'S MY CHISEL.

CUT ACROSS THE GRAIN.

AND I'LL JUST HOP UP HERE ON IT AND HOLD THE WOOD DOWN AS I SIT UPON IT.

I WANT TO DO THAT STEP.

LET ME SHOW YOU.

WHERE'D THAT PIECE GO?

HERE.

HERE IT IS.

ALL RIGHT.

SO THIS IS WHAT I WANT TO GET TO, IS THIS, UH...

STEP RIGHT HERE.

SO I'M GOING TO START BACK TOWARDS ME WITH THE BEVEL OF THE CHISEL DOWN.

AND JUST WORK DOWN TOWARDS THE LINE.

[HAMMERING] AH, AH, AH, AH.

[HAMMERING] WELL...I'M SO GLAD HACKBERRY...

IT'S A TREE THAT GETS NO RESPECT.

IT GETS NO RESPECT.

AND YET IT'S THE NUMBER ONE FOR STEAM-BENDING.

IT STEAM-BENDS BEST OF ALL.

SO THERE WE GO.

SO IT'S JUST LIKE CHOPPING DOWN A TREE.

IT MADE A NICE NOTCH THERE ALMOST TO THE LINE.

I'M GONNA TURN THIS AROUND, PUT THE OTHER ONE IN, AND WE'LL NOTCH IT.

ANOTHER WOOD THAT I'VE FOUND BENDS WONDERFULLY...

UH...RED MULBERRY, RED MULBERRY.

YEAH.

AND YOU THINK ABOUT IT-- THAT IS RELATED TO... RED MULBERRY IS VERY CLOSELY RELATED TO OSAGE ORANGE, WHICH...YOU KNOW, IS BOIS D'ARC, BODARK, UH, THE WOOD FOR MAKING BOWS, WOODEN BOWS... ARCHERS' BOWS.

SO THESE SPRINGY WOODS-- ASH, HICKORY, AND RED MULBERRY, OF ALL THINGS.

OK.

SO NOW WE'VE GOT ANOTHER NOTCH DOWN THERE ALMOST TO THE LINE.

NOW IT'S BACK TO THE SHAVING HORSE.

SO WE...HA HA... WE'VE GOT A GUIDELINE.

I MEAN, YOU KNOW, THIS IS... OUR WORK IS ALL LAID OUT NOW.

SO WE JUST WORK DOWN THE CORNER, WORK DOWN THE OTHER CORNER.

SO THE MORE YOU CAN GET A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH WITH LONG STROKES, THE BETTER OFF YOU ARE HERE.

THERE WE ARE.

AND AGAIN WORKING THE GREEN WOOD.

YOU TRY THIS... YOU CAN'T REALLY DO GOOD STEAM-BENDING IN KILN-DRIED WOOD.

SO WE WANT AT LEAST AIR-DRIED.

IN FACT, WE WANT A LITTLE BIT HIGHER MOISTURE CONTENT THAN EVEN AIR-DRIED.

SO THERE'S A GOOD STOP.

ALL RIGHT.

AND I'LL PULL IT FORWARD A LITTLE BIT.

AND RIGHT DOWN HERE.

AND TWO SIDES AND THE... DOWN THE MIDDLE.

AH, NICE DRAWKNIFE, GOOD AND SHARP.

BUT AGAIN, PART OF WHAT'S HELPING IS A SLIDING CUT.

SEE, I'M SLIDING.

I'M SLIDING LIKE THAT WITH THE KNIFE ACROSS THE GRAIN.

SO MAKING A SLICING CUT AS WELL AS HOLDING THE KNIFE SKEWED AT AN ANGLE TO THE PULL.

AND I MAKE LONG STROKES.

ALL RIGHT.

THAT'S DOWN.

THAT'S DOWN.

TURN AROUND AND GET THIS OTHER END HERE.

NOW I'M KIND OF ILL-SUPPORTED.

UH-OH.

DID IT GO TOO DEEP?

NO.

WHEW.

ALL RIGHT.

SO THAT'S WHAT I'M GONNA DO, IS HAVE A NICE STOPPING CUT.

THERE'S A LOT OF JOINERY THAT GOES ON IN THIS THICK PART, AND WE DON'T WANT TO DAMAGE THAT.

SO LET'S SEE.

GOOD.

GOOD.

ALL RIGHT.

AND YOU WILL SEE THIS IS READY NOW.

UH...HA HA HA!

WELL, YOU HAVE TO TAKE YOUR CHANCES THERE, BUT YOU SEE RIGHT THERE, THIS IS A VERY NICE LONG STRAIGHT PIECE, AND IT'S FLEXIBLE, TOO.

SEE, IT'S GOT THE BEND IN IT.

SO THIS IS--OOP.

I'VE GOT TO EVEN IT OUT A LITTLE BIT BECAUSE THE...ANY UNEVENNESS IN THE THICKNESS WILL CAUSE TROUBLE.

SO THIS IS READY TO GO INTO THE STEAMING, HEATED UP TO, UH... 212 AND GET READY TO BEND.

OK. A LITTLE BIT MORE RIGHT ON THAT AREA RIGHT THERE.

ALL RIGHT.

ENOUGH.

ENOUGH!

ENOUGH!

STOP.

STOP.

ALL RIGHT.

LET'S DO A LITTLE BIT OF THAT JOINERY.

I WANT YOU TO SEE IT BEFORE WE FINISH UP HERE, BECAUSE I'VE GOT ONE READY.

THEY HAVE A LOT OF CONNECTIONS DOWN HERE.

AND HERE.

THIS IS ON THAT ONE THAT SNAPPED.

YOU CAN SEE THE CONNECTIONS THAT WE HAVE IN THE CRADLE.

THIS IS FOR THE INTERNAL PIECE, THE PANEL THAT GOES IN THE END.

LET ME GO GET THE PANEL.

I'LL JUST RELATE THIS TO THE WHOLE THING HERE, BECAUSE YOU CAN SEE HOW THOSE JOINTS WORK.

SO THESE...THERE'S ONE PANEL HERE THAT COMES OUT TO A TENON ON THE SIDE.

YOU CAN SEE THAT LITTLE TENON RIGHT THERE ON THAT SIDE THERE.

THAT'S THIS PANEL HERE COMING OUT.

THAT TENON PEGS THAT.

THE ROCKER COMES THROUGH A NOTCH, A BRIDLE JOINT THERE, AND IT'S PEGGED RIGHT THERE.

SO WE'VE GOT TWO BOARDS-- THE ROCKER AND THE UPPER BOARD, THIS ONE HELD BY A TENON AND PEG, THIS ONE JUST COMING THROUGH AND PEGGED.

AND THEN THESE TWO TENONS YOU SEE RIGHT HERE, WELL, THEY'RE THE ENDS OF THIS SIDEBOARD JUST LIKE THAT.

SO A LOT OF JOINERY DOWN AT THE END OF THE, UH, ROCKING CRADLE.

AND IT'S A QUESTION OF WHETHER DO YOU WANT TO CUT THAT NOW OR WAIT?

IN FACT, WHY DON'T I DO ONE OF THE JOINTS HERE?

I'LL DO THAT BRIDLE JOINT.

IF I, UH, CRANK UP THE VISE HERE, ALL RIGHT, I'LL SAW DOWN.

I'VE GOT MY LAYOUT LINES ON THERE THAT I PUT ON HERE WITH THE MORTISING GAUGE.

IT'S GOT THOSE TWO TEETH TO INDICATE THE WIDTH OF THE MORTISE.

WHAT I'M GONNA DO NOW IS JUST RIP DOWN THE OPENINGS ON THE SIDE OF THE BRIDLE JOINT AT THE BOTTOM.

[SAWING] THERE WE GO.

ALL RIGHT.

AND THEN THE OTHER SIDE.

AND THIS IS GOOD.

YOU CAN SEE, IT'S THE SAME AS THE MORTISE REALLY, BUT IT GOES A LOT FASTER.

[SAWING] SO THE QUESTION IS, IF YOU'RE GONNA HAVE A POTENTIAL FOR FAILURE IN THE STEAMING, HOW MUCH OF THIS DO YOU WANT TO-- I'M GETTING CAUGHT IN THE GRAIN NOW.

GOT TO GET...INDEPENDENT.

I OFTEN SAY, "MAY THE GRAIN BE WITH YOU."

WELL, THE GRAIN IS ALWAYS WITH YOU WHEN YOU'RE WORKING THIS WOOD.

SOMETIMES IT'S IN YOUR FAVOR.

SOMETIMES IT'S NOT.

BUT NEVERTHELESS, WE CAN TRIM THAT END DOWN NOW WITH THE MORTISING CHISEL.

SO I'VE GOT THE SIDES CUT.

WE WORK OUR WAY DOWN LIKE THIS... [HAMMERING] WITH A CHOP DOWN AND A V-CHOP HERE.

SO KEEP WORKING FROM ONE SIDE... AND THEN THE OTHER.

LEAVE THAT LAST LITTLE BIT OUT THERE TO HELP SUPPORT IT WHEN WE COME BACK FROM THE OTHER SIDE.

LET'S SEE.

SO THIS IS A V-CUT.

AND THERE YOU GO.

POW.

SO THERE'S THE BRIDLE JOINT AT THE BOTTOM.

NOW, UP HERE I'VE GOT A MORTISE AND TE-- A MORTISE THAT GOES ALL THE WAY THROUGH AND THEN A GROOVE TO HOUSE THAT PANEL.

NOW, WHEN WE GET TOGETHER AGAIN-- WE'RE NOT GONNA FINISH THIS TODAY.

WE'RE GONNA GET TOGETHER AGAIN.

YOU'LL SEE HOW THAT PANEL FITS IN THAT GROOVE.

BUT I'VE WORKED IT DOWN WITH A CHISEL DOWN HERE, GROOVING ALONG, AND THEN CLEANED IT OUT WITH A LITTLE ROUTER PLANE TO TRIM THAT.

ALL RIGHT.

BUT RIGHT NOW, I WANT TO GET THAT PIECE TO BEND.

AND I WANT-- I DON'T WANT TO HAVE TO RUSH.

BUT... AH.

JUST ABOUT READY TO GO HERE.

I'LL TAKE THIS PIECE OUT.

ALL RIGHT.

ALL RIGHT.

THERE YOU GO.

SO THAT'S A GOOD BEND.

THAT'S THE BOW FOR OUR CRADLE.

I'LL NEED ALL THESE PINS.

I'LL NEED SHIMS.

ALL RIGHT.

AND HERE WE GO.

IT'S GONNA COME OUT OF THE STEAMER.

IT'S BEEN IN THERE ABOUT 15 MINUTES.

AND IT'S HOT.

OH, GREAT.

AY, YI, YI.

OK.

SO FIND THE CENTER LINE HERE.

AND WITH A COUPLE OF WEDGES, WEDGE IT AT THE CENTER LINE SO THAT IT WILL STAY IN PLACE THERE.

I DON'T WANT IT TO MOVE.

AND THEN EASE IT DOWN, EASE IT DOWN, AND ADD ANOTHER PEG HERE ON THAT SIDE.

BRING IT DOWN.

WE WANT THAT PEG TO HOLD IT.

AND THEN ANOTHER PEG RIGHT HERE.

UH.

ALL RIGHT.

NOW, SOMETIMES YOU HAVE TO DO THIS WITH A...A STRAP.

I'M GONNA GET THIS SIDE HERE IN JUST A SECOND HERE.

GOT TO DO IT WHILE IT'S HOT.

GOT TO BEND WHILE THE ASH IS HOT.

EASE IT DOWN.

PEG IT HERE.

ALL RIGHT.

AND THAT WILL KEEP THAT BEND FROM PUSHING UP WHEN WE COME IN HERE.

AND JUST TAKE IT.

YOU CAN FEEL IT RELAX UNDER YOU.

IF YOU PUSH TOO HARD, IT'LL DO IT.

NOW, THERE'S ANOTHER WAY OF BENDING WITH A BACKSTRAP ON THERE, BUT...HA HA HA.

I THINK WE MADE IT THIS TIME.

ALL RIGHT.

SO WE'VE BENT OUR ASH ALL THE WAY AROUND THE FRAME.

WE'RE GONNA LET THAT SETTLE UP.

AND YOU CAN SEE WHAT THAT IS, FOR OUR CRADLE FROM ISTANBUL, OUR WONDERFUL BOW THAT WE HAVE MADE.

SO WE'VE GOT THE BOW THERE.

THAT'LL BE THE BOW HERE.

SO NEXT TIME WE GET TOGETHER, WE'LL SEE HOW TO PUT THE PANELS IN AND WE'LL GET IT TO ROCKING WITH OUR ROCKING CRADLE.

THANKS FOR JOINING ME.

IT'S ROY UNDERHILL HERE IN "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

SEE YOU NEXT TIME.

SO LONG.

[THEME MUSIC PLAYING] ANNOUNCER: LEARN MORE ABOUT "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" AND TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING ON OUR WEBSITE.

YOU CAN FIND US ONLINE AT pbs.org.

MAJOR FUNDING FOR "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" IS PROVIDED BY... [WIND BLOWING] [CAT MEOWS] [THUNDER] [HORN HONKING] WHEN THE UNEXPECTED HAPPENS, STATE FARM HAS THE TOOLS TO GET YOU TO A BETTER STATE.

PROUD SPONSOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

ROY UNDERHILL IS THE AUTHOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S GUIDE: WORKING WOOD WITH WEDGE AND EDGE," AS WELL AS OTHER BOOKS ON TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING, ALL PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS AND AVAILABLE AT BOOKSTORES AND LIBRARIES.